胡适与民国是命中注定的 。如果民国少了这样一位谦谦君子,民国好像就黯然失色了。
作为中国新文化运动的先驱,民国极有国际声望的驻美大使,白话文运动的推动者
他一手缔造了民国的气质:早期鲁莽冲动,新旧交揉;到后来风流温厚,澄澈明亮, 终成一代大师,开创一个时代的风潮至今。
胡适先生 1891.12.27—1962.02.24
中国文化中最深入人心的人格,便是君子。
但何为君子? 君子的标准是什么? 我们该怎样做君子?
若求答案,毫无疑问,世间如果有君子,名字一定叫胡适。
陈丹青说胡适:“完全是学者相,完全是君子相。”
唐德刚说胡适:“谦谦君子,温润如玉。”
罗尔纲说胡适:“我还不曾见过如此一个厚德君子之风。”
钱钟书说胡适:“统言之,胡适之品格绝高于蔡元培等。”
君子不降志、不辱身 1958年,在一次就职典礼上,蒋介石致训:“应担负起复兴民族文化之艰巨任务……”,
胡适站起来,一开口就说:“总统,你错了。”
然后逐条驳斥蒋介石,蒋介石气得全身发抖。 蒋介石原来是去“致训”的,结果成了“聆训”。
蒋在当天日记中愤慨记录:“今天实为我平生所遭遇的第二次最大的横逆之来。” 这就是“不受左右”的胡适。
“不降志,不辱身,不追赶时髦,也不回避危险。”
学者王元化说:“我这辈子,最欣赏胡适这句话。”
(拘谨、忐忑的蒋介石)
君子言而有信、行而有义 清末民初,喝过洋墨水或富贵显达者,纷纷追求“自由恋爱”的新观念。
但新文化运动的旗手胡适却是一个例外。
1912年正月,郭沫若屏住呼吸揭开盖头,发现新娘竟长着“一对露天的猩猩鼻孔”, 他立马奋身奔出洞房,五天后离家出走。
张琼华独守空房68年,一生无子女。
1906年,鲁迅被母亲骗回老家完婚。 新婚晚上,他独自睡进了书房。 第三天,他从家中出走,去了日本。
朱安独守空房41年,一生无子女。
1917年,留美归来的北大教授胡适迎娶了“父母之命”的江冬秀。 胡适内心也曾抗拒过,但终因“不忍伤几个人的心”而没有推翻婚事。
婚后,胡适写了一首诗自我宽解: “岂不爱自由?此意无人晓。情愿不自由,也是自由了。”
郭沫若、鲁迅、都是大师,但胡适却是大师中的大师,言而有信,行而有义。
君子周急不济富
胡适不仅造就了出色的文化学术成就,而他超凡的处理人际关系的能力,为自己构筑了一个广泛的人际关系网络。
胡适不仅资助过林语堂,还有吴晗、罗尔纲、周汝昌、李敖、沈从文、季羡林、千家驹等一众才子。
还资助贩夫走卒,因他交友从不论贫富贵贱。
一次,卖烧饼的袁瓞来胡适家闲聊。 胡适说:“我喜欢游泳,可鼻孔长了小瘤,呼吸不便。”
袁瓞说:“好巧,我鼻孔也长了一瘤,恐是鼻癌。”
胡适立即提笔写了封信,让袁瓞交给台大医院院长。
信中说:“这是我的朋友袁瓞,一切费用由我负担。” 当年民国,很流行一句话——“我的朋友胡适之。”
胡适仗义疏财,由此可见一斑。
君子不受虚荣、不祈妄福
1929年,胡适从北京到上海的旅途中,意外碰见了老朋友瑞典国家学会十八名会员之一斯文·赫定。
赫定说:“我想提名你做诺贝尔文学奖的候选人。”
胡适果断而婉转地拒绝了。 胡适难道不好名吗?
胡适非常之“好名”!但他“好名”,有两点非常值得我们学习。
一是“君子好名,取之有道”。 “不接受来历不明、言过其实的虚名。”
二是“成名后,就不要辜负这个名声”。 “对名誉始终保持着一种警惕和反省。”
1962年2月24日,胡适突然心脏病猝发,这位伟大的谦谦君子与世长辞。
整个天下,哭声一片。
梁实秋说:“但恨不见替人。”
但蒋介石心里的石头终于放下了,他在日记中写道:“胡适之死在革命事业与民族复兴的建国思想言,乃除了障碍也。”
李敖说:“40年来,能够一以贯之地相信他所相信的,宣传他所相信的, 而且在40年间,没有迷茫,没有‘最后见解’的人, 除了胡适之外,简直找不到第二个。”
正是这样一个温暾的谦谦君子,才能始终以一种从容的态度批评着那个时代, 不过火,不油滑,不表现,不世故。
以这样一个平和的态度,在那样污浊的世界里特立独行60年。
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