自秦始皇一统天下，创“皇帝”称号后，在2000多年的帝制时代中，中国历史上总共出现了400多位皇帝。他们之中既有明君圣君，也有昏君暴君。但还有这么一类皇帝，在位期间很有作为，可由于各种原因，他们的形象却在后世被抹黑，甚至成为历史书里的“反面教材”。今天，达摩君就给大家盘点一下中国历史上被严重抹黑的十大帝王。
NO.10 清世宗爱新觉罗·胤禛
延续了十三年的雍正王朝，出现在康熙和乾隆两个盛世巨人的夹缝之间，犹如身处两束巨大光环的史学阴影中，留给后人的是一个扑朔迷离的帝王形象。毒杀先帝继位、利用特务排除异己、通过秘奏控制地方、大兴文字狱并为自己撰文开脱的行为、过量服用仙丹的致死方式，雍正的一切都充满了各种恶意的揣测和彼此对立的评价。加之各种坊间传闻和现代影视剧的影响，更是将这种误解推向极致。幸好自电视剧《雍正王朝》问世以来，雍正被抹黑已久的形象已大为改观，其在位十三年间的各种制度建设和经济成就也逐渐大白于天下。
NO.9 明武宗朱厚照
在《明史》中，对正德皇帝朱厚照的评价基本是负面的，说他“奋然欲以武功自雄”，若非文官集团匡正过失，朝纲就会走到崩溃的边缘。朱厚照一生主要有两大功绩，其一是对蒙古取得“应州大捷”，使蒙古势力再也不敢进犯中原，其二是诛杀大太监刘瑾，平衡内阁与宦官两大势力。但也正是因为这两大功绩，朱厚照注定会背上文官集团甩给他的千古骂名。悍然参与对蒙古的作战，违逆了文官集团极力避免战争的心态；利用“八虎”以及钱宁、江彬等人弹压内阁势力，打击了多年来文官集团把持权柄的嚣张气焰。至于久居豹房，纵情享乐等事，君主专制时代的哪个皇帝又能避免呢？完全是欲加之罪罢了。
NO.8 元顺帝孛儿只斤·妥懽帖睦尔
元顺帝作为元朝最后一位皇帝，并非昏庸无道之君。年少即位，冲龄践祚，扳倒权臣伯颜，随后任用脱脱等人，采取了一系列改革措施来挽救统治危机，史称“至正新政”，主要包括恢复科举制、颁行法典《至正条格》，下令免除苛捐杂税，放宽对汉人、南人的民族歧视政策。
NO.7 前秦世祖苻坚
相信大家对苻坚大帝的印象更多来源于几个表示贬义的成语，诸如形容骄傲自大的投鞭断流，形容被吓破了胆的风声鹤唳、草木皆兵。后世对苻坚的“黑化”皆源于一场淝水之战，在那场事关中国前途命运的战役中，苻坚被东晋的谢安打败，只好退回北方，他本人也被后世流传下来的一连串成语黑得体无完肤。但实际上，不同于当时那些凶残野蛮的少数民族君主，苻坚在当时还是很有作为的。他聪颖好学，守礼仁孝，大力推崇汉化，任用汉人王猛为相，办学校，劝农桑，大力发展农业，励精图治，基本统一了整个北方。只可惜在淝水之战中败北，之后身死国破，中国的大一统因此迟到了200年之久。
NO.6 宋高宗赵构
仅仅因为诛杀岳飞并与金国签约媾和，就在赵构的脑袋上扣了一顶“昏君”的帽子，并永远被钉在了历史的耻辱柱上，这显然是不够公允的。国破家亡之际，赵构勇于肩负重任，出使金营为质，沉着冷静，机智勇敢。汴梁城破，北宋灭亡，赵构南渡之际，身边仅有亲兵千余人，他迅速调集军事力量构筑防线，守住淮河、长江一线，经过几番磨难终在杭州落脚，奠定了南宋王朝的根基。比起后世南明的局势，赵构所面临的局面要更恶劣，但最终南明群臣尽为诛戮，而赵构却成功地与金国形成了对峙之势，可见赵构确有过人之处，不可以“昏君”而论之。
NO.5 新帝王莽
在中国历代儒生看来，王莽一直被冠以外戚、权臣和反贼这三种角色，更何况由他所掀起的改革以彻底的失败而告终，其形象简直低贱丑陋到了极点。但实际上，王莽所推行的许多改革措施都很具远见卓识，也很深入民心。他规定私人不得买卖土地，分天下土地给天下人，并将盐、铁等战略物资收归国有。他还下达了严厉的废奴政策，禁止买卖奴隶。他还与太后一起带头捐资，在长安为灾民建房。可以说，王莽是一位有能力亦有情怀的政治家，但他书生式的情怀却导致了改革的失败。他仿周制推行的一系列措施，包括改革币值、改革官制、恢复井田制等最终都宣告破产，毕竟情怀不能当饭吃。
NO.4 唐高宗李治
在很多影视作品里，李治被描写成一个身体羸弱、昏庸无道、胆小无能的傀儡皇帝。他拱手将自己的权力和江山交给了武则天，唯她马首是瞻，就连欧阳修在《新唐书》中也说唐高宗是“昏懦”之主。但实际上，李治并非如此。他借武则天之手，诛杀长孙无忌、褚遂良等功臣，巩固自己的位置，又杀张皇后、萧淑妃等，用以抑制世族势力。李治在位期间，武则天不过是与闻朝政，协助政务，并遵循其意旨去办事，尚未达到左右朝政的地步。此外，在李治统治期间，唐王朝的对外战争较贞观时期更加无往不利，先后攻灭西突厥、百济、高句丽，其版图达到了最大，即东起朝鲜半岛，西临咸海，北至贝加尔湖，南至越南横山。
NO.3 蜀汉后主刘禅
由于《三国演义》的影响，导致今天地球人都知道蜀汉有一个“扶不起的阿斗”。在《三国演义》里，刘禅的昏聩无能已经到了无以复加的程度，以至于“此间乐，不思蜀”成了大家都喜欢拿来去讽刺那些玩物丧志者的俗语。但实际上，刘禅虽说算不上什么千古圣君，毕竟蜀汉政权在他手里丢掉了，但也实在没小说里写的那样昏庸无道。诸葛亮在的时候，刘禅能够很大气地容忍和接受他的一再越权，努力维系着和谐而微妙的君臣关系。而在诸葛亮去世后，刘禅面对内忧外患的局面，尚能支撑蜀汉政权长达三十年之久，亦可见他并不算昏聩无能。亡国后，面对司马昭的试探，刘禅又能小心翼翼地逢凶化吉，一句“此间乐，不思蜀”令对方打消了深藏已久的杀心，这真可以称得上是大智若愚了。
NO.2 隋炀帝杨广
李唐皇室对杨广的抹黑深刻影响了此后一千多年对他的评价，昏君、暴君的名声伴随着大运河上的水殿龙舟不胫而走。但实际上，杨广之所以最终导致亡国，最大的问题恰好是过于锐意进取。他曾率军平陈，完成统一，后来又参与平定突厥、契丹的战事，并亲征吐谷浑，战功赫赫。继位后，他又通运河、开科举，征高丽，欲成一代王业。怎奈步子迈得太大，刚刚经历过数百年分裂局面的国家和人民不堪重负，中国历史上的一夜繁华，顿时香消玉殒，再无踪迹。
NO.1 商纣王帝辛
中国人特别喜欢拿上古的人说事儿，说贤君圣君必会提到尧舜禹，而说到昏君暴君肯定就跑不了桀纣了，甚至一旦要指责哪个皇帝是暴君昏君，就要加个形容词，说某某某是桀纣之君。这里的“纣”，就是中国历史上被黑得最惨的君王商纣王。一部《封神榜》，让大家知道了那个耽于酒色、荒淫无道、陷害贤臣的商纣王，但实际上对纣王的抹黑从西周初年就开始了，比如那个“纣”字就是周王室给他取的谥号。西周王室在牧野之战中侥幸得胜后，商王朝尚有很大势力，为稳定民心便开始对纣王进行抹黑。但实际上，商纣王膂力惊人，英勇善战，大肆开疆拓土，将商朝的领土从中原地区一直拓展到了沿海，所以是一个很有作为的君主。至于牧野之战的失败，很大程度上由于极度开疆拓土导致兵源不足，释放奴隶参战又遭遇了倒戈，这也只能怪商纣王太尚武了。
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